Canadian Settlement of Eureka on Ellesmere Island Nunavut

As the second most northerly permanently inhabited settlement on earth, Eureka on Ellesmere Island serves as a research base. Staff from Environment Canada, the Canadian Forces and various research facilities and universities rotates in and out each year.

Supplied bi-weekly, the settlement of Eureka Nunavut, was founded in 1947. The need for arctic weather stations resulted in the creation of Eureka from a shipment of over 100 tons of supplies and equipment. Building continues in Eureka with the latest structure - an operation centre, completed in 2005.

Eureka can also claim to be the least rained on weather station in all of Canada, but it also has the lowest average annual temperature to go with it. Eureka's record high temperature was 20 °C.